Resultados cardiometabólicos de largo plazo tras cirugía bariátrica: control de comorbilidades, pérdida y reganancia de peso a los 5 años de seguimiento / Long-term cardiometabolic results after bariatric surgery: Control of comorbidities, weight loss and regain at 5 years of follow-up

Introducción. La cirugía bariátrica y metabólica (CBM) es efectiva en lograr pérdida de peso a corto plazo. Sin embargo, existe evidencia limitada en desenlaces clínicos y metabólicos a largo plazo. Métodos. Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo con pacientes llevados a baipás gástrico en Y de Roux (BGYR) o gastrectomía en manga (MG) por laparoscopia en Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, entre 2013 y 2021. El cambio de peso, control de comorbilidades y resultados metabólicos se recopilaron al inicio del estudio, 3, 6 y 12 meses después de cirugía, y anualmente hasta el quinto año. Las tasas de control de comorbilidades se evaluaron mediante la prueba Kaplan-Meier. Se utilizó un modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox para evaluar el efecto de covariables en la reganancia de peso. Resultados. De 1092 pacientes con CBM (71,4 % MG y 28,6 % BGYR), 67 % eran mujeres, con mediana de edad 48 años e índice de masa corporal de 35,5 Kg/m2. Después de cinco años de seguimiento, la tasa de control en diabetes mellitus fue 65,5 %, en hipertensión 56,6 % y en dislipidemia 43,6 %. La tasa de reganancia de peso fue 28 %, sin diferencias entre MG vs BGYR (p=0,482). El tiempo promedio hasta peso nadir fue 14 meses. La edad al momento de CBM fue el mejor predictor independiente de reganancia (HR=1,02, IC95% 1,01-1,04), pero con efecto clínico modesto. Conclusión. La CBM es segura y muestra beneficios a largo plazo en la pérdida de peso y control de comorbilidades en población colombiana.

Introduction. Bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) has shown its efficacy in achieving short-term weight loss. However, there is limited evidence regarding long-term clinical and metabolic outcomes. Methods. Retrospective longitudinal study with patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) interventions in Bogotá, Colombia, between 2013 and 2021. Weight change, comorbidity control, and metabolic outcomes were collected at the onset, 3-, 6-, and 12-month post-surgery, and annually up to the fifth year. Comorbidity control rates were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the effect of covariates on weight regain. Results. Of 1092 patients with BMS (71.4% SG and 28.6% RYGB), 67% were women, with a median age of 48 years, BMI 35.5 kg/m2. After five years of follow-up, the control rate in diabetes mellitus was 65.5%, in hypertension 56.6%, and dyslipidemia 43.6%. The weight regain rate was 28% with no differences between SG vs RYGB (p=0.482). The mean time to nadir weight was 14 months. Age at the time of BMS was the best independent predictor of weight regain (HR=1.02, 95%CI: 1.01-1.04), but with a modest clinical effect. Conclusion. BMS is safe and shows long-term benefits in weight loss and control of comorbidities in Colombian population.

Cirugía bariátrica: resultados clínicos en términos de pérdida de peso y resolución de comorbilidades / Bariatric surgery: Clinical outcomes in terms of weight loss and resolution of comorbidities

Introducción. La cirugía bariátrica es una estrategia válida de tratamiento en obesidad severa. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la reducción de peso y la resolución de comorbilidades comparando dos técnicas quirúrgicas, baipás gástrico en Y de Roux y manga gástrica. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo de tipo analítico que incluyó pacientes con obesidad grados II y III. Se analizaron variables demográficas y perioperatorias, y las comorbilidades asociadas a la obesidad. La reducción del peso se evaluó con el porcentaje de pérdida del exceso de peso. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo univariado, usando medianas, rangos intercuartílicos, frecuencias y proporciones. Se usaron las pruebas de U de Mann-Whitney y Chi cuadrado para el análisis de grupos. Un valor de p<0,05 fue considerado estadísticamente significativo. Resultados. Fueron incluidos 201 pacientes. La mediana del porcentaje de pérdida del exceso de peso a 18 meses fue de 77,4 % para el grupo de baipás gástrico en Y de Roux vs 69,5 % para el grupo de manga gástrica (p=0,14). La mayoría de los pacientes presentaron resolución o mejoría de la hipertensión arterial (76 %), diabetes mellitus (80 %), dislipidemia (73 %), apnea del sueño (79 %) y artropatías (94 %), sin diferencia significativa según la técnica quirúrgica empleada. La tasa de complicaciones mayores fue del 1,9 %. No se presentó mortalidad. La mediana de seguimiento fue 28 meses. Conclusión. El baipás gástrico en Y de Roux y la manga gástrica son procedimientos muy seguros y efectivos para la reducción del exceso de peso y la resolución de las comorbilidades asociadas a la obesidad

Introduction. Bariatric surgery is a valid strategy of treatment for severe obesity. The aim of this study is to evaluate weight loss and resolution of comorbidities comparing two procedures, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Methods. Descriptive study of analytical type that included patients with obesity grades II and III. Demographic and perioperative variables were analyzed. The weight reduction was evaluated among others with the percentage of excess of body weight loss. Comorbidities associated with obesity were also analyzed. A univariate descriptive analysis was performed, using medians, interquartile ranges, frequencies, and proportions. The Mann-Whitney U and Chi squared tests were used for analysis of groups. A value of p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Median follow-up was 28 months. Results. A total of 201 patients were included in the analysis. The median percentage of excess of body weight loss at 18 months was 77.4% for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group vs 69.5% for sleeve gastrectomy group (p=0.14). The majority of patients presented resolution or improvement of hypertension (76%), diabetes mellitus (80%), dyslipidemia (73%), sleep apnea (79%), and arthropathy (94%), without significant differences according to the surgical technique used. Major complication rate was 1.9%. There was not mortality. The median follow-up was 28 months. Conclusion. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy are both very safe and effective procedures for excess weight reduction and resolution of comorbidities associated with obesity

Colangiopancreatografía endoscópica asistida por laparoscopia para el tratamiento de coledocolitiasis en pacientes con Y de Roux / Laparoscopic-assisted endoscopic cholangiopancreatography for the treatment of choledocholithiasis in patients with Roux-en-Y

Introducción. Los pacientes con antecedente de baipás gástrico que presentan coledocolitiasis no pueden ser tratados con la técnica convencional de colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica. En estos casos, la vía transgástrica abierta o asistida por laparoscopia, se convierte en una excelente alternativa a la exploración abierta de la vía biliar. Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo que incluyó pacientes adultos con coledocolitiasis y antecedente de gastrectomía subtotal o baipás gástrico con Y de Roux, llevados a colangiopancreatografía endoscópica transgástrica laparo-asistida, entre enero de 2019 y diciembre de 2021, en la Clínica CES de Medellín, Colombia. Resultados. Se encontraron siete pacientes, todos con antecedente de baipás gástrico para el manejo de la obesidad. La tasa de identificación y canulación de la vía biliar y extracción de cálculos fue del 100 % mediante el abordaje transgástrico laparo-asistido. Conclusión. De acuerdo con varias revisiones sistemáticas, esta técnica es relativamente fácil de implementar y segura, presentando una tasa de complicaciones inferior a 5 %. Se propone una variante de esta técnica

Introduction. Patients with a history of gastric bypass who present with choledocholithiasis cannot be treated with the conventional technique of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. In these cases, the open or laparoscopic-assisted transgastric approach becomes an excellent alternative to open bile duct gastric exploration. Methods. A retrospective review of patients with choledocholithiasis and a history of subtotal gastrectomy or gastric bypass with Roux-en-Y, who underwent laparo-assisted transgastric endoscopic cholangiopancreatography, was conducted between January 2019 and December 2021 at Clínica CES de Medellín, Colombia. Results. Seven patients were found, all with a history of gastric bypass secondary to obesity. The rate of bile duct identification and cannulation, and stone removal was 100% using the laparo-assisted transgastric approach. Conclusion. According to several systematic reviews, this technique is relatively easy to implement and safe, presenting a rate of complications less than 5%. A variant to this technique is proposed

Application of endoscopic suturing instrument in laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the safety and feasibility of using an endoscopic suturing instrument in laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy. Methods: A descriptive case series study was conducted to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 5 patients with gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (Billroth II + Braun anastomosis) at Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University from October 2022 to January 2023. The common opening was closed using an endoscopic suturing instrument. The indications were as follows: (1) patients aged between 18 and 80 years; (2) patients with gastric adenocarcinoma; (3) cTNM between I-III; (4) lower-third gastric cancer and radical gastrectomy is recommended; (5) no history of upper abdominal surgery (except for laparoscopic cholecystectomy). The surgery was performed as follows: A side-to-side gastrojejunostomy was performed with endoscopic linear cutter stapler. Then the common opening was closed with endoscopic suturing instrument. During suturing and closing the common opening, a vertical mattress suture was used to completely invert and close the mucosa-to-mucosa and serosa-to-serosa of the gastric and jejunum walls. After the first layer of suture was completed, the seromuscular layer was sutured from top to bottom to embed the common opening of stomach and jejunum. Results: Laparoscopic closure of the common gastrojejunal opening with endoscopic suturing instrument was successfully completed in all 5 patients. The operative time was (308.6±22.6) minutes, while the time of gastrojejunostomy was (15.4±3.1) minutes. The operative blood loss was (34.0±10.8) ml. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred in any of the patients. The first passage of gas occurred at (2.6±0.9) days, and the postoperative hospital stay was (7.0±1.9) days. Conclusion: The application of endoscopic suturing instrument in laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy is safe and feasible.

Research progresses on interventions of obesity in children and adolescents / 中华预防医学杂志

Childhood and adolescent obesity has become a global epidemic. The interventions mainly include lifestyle intervention, medication treatment and bariatric surgery. Among them, lifestyle intervention, especially intensive lifestyle intervention with participation of family members, is the first-line treatment for obesity in children and adolescents. Both medication and bariatric surgery are adjuvant treatments for severely obese children and adolescents. Currently, metformin is the most widely used drug for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents in both China and other countries; orlistat and liraglutide are also the drugs that are safe and often used in other countries; other drugs are not recommended. As a tertiary prevention and treatment strategy for obesity, bariatric surgery should be carried out on the basis of good compliance from both the children and their family members, with the cooperation of multiple disciplines. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are the most common types of procedure performed. Meanwhile, as a new treatment method, intra-gastric balloon procedure needs to be paid more attention to its efficacy and safety.

Experiencia en bypass gástrico reseccional laparoscópico en pacientes con obesidad mórbida. Primer estudio en Venezuela / Experience in laparoscopic resectional gastric bypass in patients with morbid obesity. First study in Venezuela

El Bypass Gástrico Reseccional, consiste en realizar gastrectomía casi total más anastomosis gastro-yeyunal, con las desventajas de no ser reversible, y disminuir la absorción de los elementos que requieren ácidos gástricos. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia en Bypass Gástrico Reseccional Laparoscópico en pacientes con Obesidad Mórbida, intervenidos en el Centro Quirúrgico Carabobo 200 y en el Instituto Docente de Urología, Carabobo ­ Venezuela, durante el periodo comprendido entre enero ­ diciembre 2.021. Materiales: Investigación descriptiva, retrospectiva, longitudinal y multicéntrica, no probabilístico, comprendiendo 3 pacientes. Se utilizó una ficha de recolección de datos confeccionada para tal fin que incluyó datos clínicos y de laboratorio, previos y posterior a la cirugía, siendo evaluados a los 3, 6 y 12 meses respectivamente. Resultados: Causa más frecuente: presencia de lesiones gástricas benignas en 66.66% de los casos, y falla de técnica bariátrica primaria en 33.33%. Todos los pacientes del estudio presentaban comorbilidades cardiovasculares y metabólicas, siendo las más relevantes; Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica 100%, resistencia a insulina 66.66%, apnea del sueño 66.66% y Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, en 33.33%. Conclusiones: El Bypass Gástrico Reseccional Laparoscópico tiene buenos resultados en pacientes obesos, con riesgo a desarrollar cáncer gástrico y en fallo de técnica primaria. No hubo complicación transoperatoria. La pérdida de exceso de peso fue exitosa (promedio 85.78% al año). Solo 1 caso presentó complicación postoperatoria tardía de anemia leve con diagnóstico y resolución oportuna. No se evidenciaron otras complicaciones(AU)

The Resectional Gastric Bypass consists of performing almost total gastrectomy plus gastro-jejunal anastomosis, with the disadvantages of not being reversible, and decreasing the absorption of elements that require gastric acids. Objective: To describe the experience in Laparoscopic Resectional Gastric Bypass in patients with Morbid Obesity, operated on at the Carabobo 200 Surgical Center and at the Teaching Institute of Urology, Carabobo - Venezuela, during the period between January - December 2021. Materials: Descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal, and multicenter, non-probabilistic research, involving 3 patients. A data collection sheet prepared for this purpose was drawn up, which included clinical and laboratory data, before and after surgery, being evaluated at 3, 6 and 12 months respectively. Results: Most frequent cause: presence of benign gastric lesions in 66.66% of cases, and primary bariatric technique failure in 33.33%. All the patients in the study presented cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, being the most relevant; Systemic Arterial Hypertension 100%, insulin resistance 66.66%, sleep apnea 66.66% and Diabetes Mellitus type 2, in 33.33%. Conclusions: Laparoscopic Resectional Gastric Bypass has good results in obese patients, at risk of developing gastric cancer and in primary technique failure. There were no intraoperative complications. Excess weight loss was successful (average 85.78% per year). Only 1 case presented late postoperative complication of mild anemia with timely diagnosis and resolution. No other complications were found(AU)

Factores de riesgo asociados a la pérdida insuficiente o ganancia significativa de peso en pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica / Risk factors associated with insufficient weight loss or significant weight gain in patients undergone bariatric surgery

Introducción. La cirugía bariátrica es efectiva para inducir una rápida pérdida del exceso de peso, pero existen dudas sobre la duración de este efecto a largo plazo. Este estudio buscaba identificar la proporción de pacientes operados que presentaron una pérdida insuficiente o una ganancia significativa de peso y los posibles factores relacionados. Métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. Se describieron variables demográficas y clínicas. Se realizó un análisis multivariado para identificar factores relacionados con un peso fuera de metas posterior a la cirugía. Resultados. Se incluyeron 187 pacientes, 117 con baipás gástrico y 70 con manga gástrica. La mediana de índice de masa corporal preoperatorio fue 41,3 kg/m2 y postoperatorio de 28,8 kg/m2. El 94,7 % de los pacientes en ambos grupos logró una adecuada pérdida del exceso de peso. La ganancia de peso mayor del 20 % se presentó en el 43,5 % de los pacientes, siendo mayor en el grupo de manga gástrica (p<0,004). Los factores independientes para ganancia de peso fueron el sexo masculino (OR 5,5), cirugía tipo manga gástrica (OR 3,4), síndrome de apnea del sueño (OR 2,9) y enfermedad mental medicada (OR 2,8). Conclusión. La cirugía bariátrica produce una pérdida del exceso de peso suficiente en casi la totalidad de los pacientes, pero un buen número recuperan peso luego de 3 años. Los principales factores asociados a ganancia de peso son el sexo masculino y la cirugía tipo manga gástrica

Introduction. Bariatric surgery is highly effective in inducing rapid excess body weight loss but there are doubts about its effect on long-term. This study seeks to identify the number of patients that underwent bariatric surgery who present insufficient weight loss or significant weight gain and the possible related factors. Methods. Retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent bariatric surgery. Demographic and clinical variables are described. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors related to patient weight outside the set goals postoperatively. Results. 187 patients were included (117 gastric bypass, 70 gastric sleeve). The median preoperative body mass index was 41m/kg2 and 28.8m/kg2 postoperatively. 94.7% of the patients in both groups achieved adequate excess body weight loss. Weight gain (>20%) occurred in 43.5% of the patients, with the probability being higher in the gastric sleeve group (p<0.004). Independent factors for weight gain were male gender (OR 5.5), gastric sleeve surgery (OR 3.4), sleep apnea syndrome (OR 2.9), and mental illness under treatment (OR 2.8). Conclusions. Bariatric surgery produces sufficient loss of excess weight in almost all patients, but a good number of them regain weight after 3 years. The main factors associated with weight gain are male gender and gastric sleeve surgery

Baipás gástrico versus manga gástrica para el controlde diabetes tipo 2 en pacientes obesos / Gastric bypass versus gastric sleeve for the management of type 2 diabetes in obese patients

Introducción. La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y la obesidad son enfermedades con alta prevalencia, gran morbi-mortalidad y elevados costos en salud. La cirugía bariátrica ha demostrado efectividad para inducir pérdida de peso y un control adecuado de la glicemia. Métodos. Estudio observacional analítico retrospectivo, realizado entre 2014 y 2019 en una institución de alta complejidad. Se incluyeron pacientes prediabéticos y diabéticos sometidos a cirugía bariátrica tipo baipás gástrico en Y-de-Roux o manga gástrica. Se analizaron la mejoría o resolución de la diabetes y la pérdida del exceso de peso a los 6, 12, 24 y 36 meses luego de la cirugía. Resultados. Se incluyeron 103 pacientes en el estudio, 45 pacientes diabéticos y 58 pacientes prediabéticos. La única variable perioperatoria con diferencia estadísticamente significativa fue el tiempo quirúrgico mayor en el baipás (70 vs. 47,5 minutos; p<0,001). La pérdida de exceso de peso fue mayor en el baipás. Los pacientes diabéticos sometidos a baipás tuvieron un mayor porcentaje de resolución o control comparados con los sometidos a manga gástrica. En los pacientes prediabéticos hubo resolución en ambos grupos luego de 24 meses de seguimiento. Conclusión. El baipás gástrico y la manga gástrica presentan excelentes resultados en cuanto a pérdida de peso y control metabólico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y prediabetes, pero en nuestros pacientes se lograron resultados superiores en ambos aspectos con el baipás gástrico

Introduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity are diseases with high prevalence, high morbidity and mortality and high health costs. Bariatric surgery has proven effective in inducing weight loss and adequate glycemic control. Methods. Retrospective analytical observational study conducted between 2014 and 2019 in a high-complex institution. Prediabetic and diabetic patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or gastric sleeve were included; analyzing the improvement or resolution of diabetes and the loss of excess weight at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after surgery. Results. One-hundred and three patients were included in the study, 45 diabetic patients and 58 pre-diabetic patients. The only perioperative variable with a statistically significant difference was the longer surgical time in the bypass (70 vs. 47.5 min; p<0.001). Loss of excess weight was always greater in bypass. Diabetic patients who underwent bypass had a higher percentage of resolution or control compared to those who underwent the sleeve procedure. In pre-diabetic patients, there was 100% resolution in both groups after 24 months of follow-up. Conclusion. Gastric bypass and gastric sleeve present excellent results in terms of weight loss and metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes, but superior results in both aspects were achieved with the first technique in our patients

Resolución laparoscópica de un caso de "candy cane" en un postoperatorio de by pass gástrico / Laparoscopic resolution of a case of "candy cane" in a postoperative period of gastric bypass / Resolução laparoscópica de um caso de "candy cane" em pós-operatório de bypass gástrico

El by pass gástrico (BPG) es una técnica de cirugía bariátrica de probada eficacia en el control de la obesidad y la resolución de enfermedades asociadas, como diabetes e hipertensión. El dolor abdominal en el postoperatorio alejado del BPG es un verdadero desafío, y exige para su diagnóstico etiológico comprender la técnica quirúrgica y las posibles causas que originan el dolor. Las principales causas de dolor son la úlcera de neoboca, las hernias internas (por el espacio de Petersen o la brecha mesentérica), la litiasis vesicular sintomática y el síndrome del "bastón de caramelo" (o "Candy Cane syndrome" por su nombre anglosajón). El mismo resulta de una excesiva longitud del cabo yeyunal ciego del asa alimentaria, luego de la anastomosis gastro yeyunal. Cuando mide más de 4 cm puede llenarse de alimentos, actuando como una bolsa o reservorio, generando dolor, náuseas o vómitos. El diagnóstico surge de la clínica y un estudio contrastado que demuestre la longitud excesiva del extremo del asa alimentaria. El tratamiento es quirúrgico y la desaparición de los síntomas confirma el diagnóstico.

Estado nutricional e clínico de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica / Estado nutricional y clínico de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica / Nutritional and clinical status of patients submitted to bariatric surgery

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o estado clínico e nutricional de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos: trata-se de estudo epidemiológico observacional, com delineamento transversal, norteado pela ferramenta STROBE. Foi realizado entre 2015 e 2016, com dados de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica em Y de Roux nos anos de 2012 a 2014, em um hospital privado de Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de questionário semiestruturado, elaborado pelos pesquisadores. Para verificar a existência da associação entre as variáveis do estado nutricional e clínico e o tempo pós-cirúrgico, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson ou exato de Fisher para as variáveis categóricas. E para as contínuas, os testes Kruskal-Wallis ou Mann-Whitney. Resultados: verificou-se significância estatística para as variáveis: "enfraquecimento de unhas" (p=0,002), "êmese" (p=0,018), "frequência de consumo alcoólico" (p=0,018) e "número de refeições diárias" (p=0,028) no grupo feminino. Conclusão: este estudo revelou alterações no componente clínico e nutricional das pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Houve associações estatisticamente significativas no grupo feminino, incluindo mudanças no perfil clínico de maior episódio de êmese e maior frequência no consumo de álcool. Em relação ao perfil nutricional, pacientes do sexo feminino apresentaram maiores proporções no número de refeições e mais enfraquecimento nas unhas após o procedimento cirúrgico. Reforça-se a importância do acompanhamento e da orientação nutricional e psicológica contínuas, pré e pós-cirúrgicas, minimizando os impactos negativos deste resultado na saúde dos indivíduos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el estado clínico y nutricional de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. Métodos: se trata de un estudio epidemiológico observacional, con un diseño transversal, guiado por la herramienta STROBE. Se realizó entre 2015 y 2016, con datos de pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica en Roux-en-Y en los años 2012 a 2014, en un hospital privado de Minas Gerais. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de un cuestionario semiestructurado desarrollado por los investigadores. Para verificar la existencia de asociación entre las variables de estado nutricional, clínico y tiempo posquirúrgico se utilizó la prueba qui cuadrado de Pearson o la prueba exacta de Fisher para las variables categóricas. Y para las continuas, las pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis o Mann-Whitney. Resultados: hubo significancia estadística para las variables: "debilitamiento de las uñas" (p = 0,002), "emesis" (p = 0,018), "frecuencia de consumo de alcohol" (p = 0,018) y "número de comidas diarias" (p = 0,028) en el grupo de mujeres. Conclusión: este estudio reveló cambios en el componente clínico y nutricional de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. Hubo asociaciones estadísticamente significativas en el grupo femenino, incluyendo cambios en el perfil clínico de mayor episodio de emesis y mayor frecuencia de consumo de alcohol. En cuanto al perfil nutricional, las pacientes del sexo femenino presentaron mayores proporciones en el número de comidas y mayor debilitamiento de las uñas tras el procedimiento quirúrgico. Se refuerza la importancia del seguimiento continuo y la orientación nutricional y psicológica, pre y posquirúrgica, minimizando los impactos negativos de este resultado en la salud de las personas.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the clinical and nutritional status of patients submitted to bariatric surgery. Methods: this is an observational epidemiological study, with a cross-sectional design, guided by the STROBE tool. It was carried out between 2015 and 2016, with data from patients undergoing Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery in the years 2012 to 2014, in a private hospital in Minas Gerais. Data collection took place through a semi-structured questionnaire developed by the researchers. To verify the existence of an association between the variables of nutritional and clinical status and the time after surgery, Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables. And for continuous ones, the Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney tests. Results: there was statistical significance for the variables: 'weakening of nails' (p=0.002), 'emesis' (p=0.018), 'frequency of alcohol consumption' (p=0.018) and 'number of daily meals' (p=0.028) in the female group. Conclusion: this study revealed changes in the clinical and nutritional component of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. There were statistically significant associations in the female group, including changes in the clinical profile of greater episode of emesis and greater frequency of alcohol consumption. Regarding the nutritional profile, female patients had higher proportions in the number of meals and more weakening of the nails after the surgical procedure. The importance of monitoring and continuous nutritional and psychological guidance, pre- and post-surgical, is reinforced, minimizing the negative impacts of this result on the health of individuals.

Consulta en servicio de urgencia y reingreso hospitalario después de una cirugía bariátrica primaria / Emergency department visit and Hospital Readmission after Primary Bariatric Surgery

Resumen Introducción: Las consultas en el servicio de urgencia (CU) y el reingreso (RI) hospitalario después de una cirugía bariátrica (CB) son importantes indicadores de calidad y seguridad. Sin embargo, existe escasa información de estos indicadores en nuestro medio nacional. En este trabajo analizamos las CU y RI de pacientes sometidos a una CB primaria en un centro universitario de alto volumen, y buscamos variables asociadas a estos indicadores. Materiales y Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo que incluyó a todos los pacientes sometidos a bypass gástrico (BPG) o gastrectomía en manga (GM) laparoscópica primaria realizados de forma consecutiva en nuestra institución durante el período 2006-2007 y 2012-2013. Utilizando nuestros registros clínicos y base de seguimiento prospectivo, identificamos aquellos pacientes con CU o RI en nuestro hospital durante los primeros 30 días después del alta. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1.146 CB primarias, 53% (n = 613) fueron BPG y 47% (n = 533) GM. Un 8,03% (n = 92) de los pacientes tuvo al menos una CU y un 3,7% (n = 42) un RI. Las variables independientes asociadas tanto a CU como RI fueron el tiempo operatorio e índice de masa corporal (IMC) preoperatorio. No se encontró asociación estadística, en el periodo estudiado, para el tipo de CB realizada con la CU ni con el RI. Conclusión: Existe una baja proporción de pacientes que requieren CU y RI posterior a la CB, lo que demuestra la seguridad de estas intervenciones.

Introduction: Emergency department visits (EDV) and hospital readmission (HR) after bariatric surgery (BS) are important indicators of quality and safety in surgery, however there is little information on their characteristics in our national environment. Aim: In this work we analyze EDV and HR in patients undergoing a primary BS in a high-volume university center, and identify variables that could be associated with these indicators. Materials and Method: A retrospective observational study where we identified all patients undergoing Roux-in-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) or primary laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) performed consecutively at our institution during the period 2006-2007 and 2012-2013. Using our clinical records and prospective follow-up database, we identify those patients with EDV and/or HR in our hospital during the first 30 days after discharge. Results: 1146 primary BS were included, of these 53% (n = 613) were RYGBP and 47% (n = 533) SG. 8,03% (n = 92) of the patients had at least one EDV, of these 3,7% (n = 42) had an HR. The independent variables associated with EDV and HR were the operative time and preoperative body mass index (BMI). No statistical association was found, in the period studied, for the type of BS performed with EDV or HR. Conclusion: There is a low proportion of patients who require EDV and HR after BS, which demonstrates the safety of these interventions.

Cirugía bariátrica en pediatría, ¿qué impacto tiene? Revisión de la literatura / Bariatric surgery in pediatrics: What impact does it have? Literature review

Introducción. La obesidad en la población pediátrica ha ido aumentando de manera progresiva y el manejo médico de la obesidad mórbida en esta población se ha mostrado insuficiente. El objetivo de este artículo fue describir el estado actual de la literatura científica publicada hasta abril 15 de 2021 sobre el impacto de la cirugía bariátrica en la población pediátrica. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura que evaluó dos bases de datos, donde se incluyeron revisiones sistemáticas, reportes de casos, series de casos y ensayos clínicos, publicados desde el 1 de enero de 2010 hasta el 15 de abril de 2021, en español, inglés y francés. Resultados. Se incluyeron 56 documentos y 18 estudios clínicos, en los que se encontró que la cirugía bariátrica (bypass gástrico por Y de Roux, gastrectomía en manga, plicatura gástrica y banda gástrica) alcanzó una pérdida de peso significativa en el primer año, con un adecuado sostenimiento de dicha pérdida al quinto año, además de una resolución completa de las comorbilidades metabólicas y cardiovasculares en la mayoría de los pacientes. Conclusión. La cirugía bariátrica se presenta como una alternativa eficaz en el manejo de la obesidad mórbida y sus complicaciones en el paciente pediátrico.

Introduction. Obesity in the pediatric population has been increasing progressively and the medical management of morbid obesity in this population has proven insufficient. The objective of this article was to describe the current state of scientific literature published until April 15, 2021 on the impact of bariatric surgery in the pediatric population. Methods: A literature review was performed searching into two databases, including systematic reviews, case reports, case series and clinical trials from January 1, 2010 to April 15, 2021, in Spanish, English, and French languages. Results: 56 documents and 18 clinical trials were included. It was found that bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, gastric plication, and gastric band) achieved significant weight loss in the first year, and adequate maintenance of weight loss at the fifth year, in addition to a complete resolution of metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities in most patients.Conclusion: Bariatric surgery is an effective alternative in the management of morbid obesity and its complications in pediatric patients.

Tratamento não-cirúrgico de fístula de alto débito pós-"bypass" gástrico em paciente portador de superobesidade: relato de caso / Non-surgical treatment of high-output fistula after gastric bypass in a patient with superobesity: case report

Introdução: A cirurgia bariátrica é atualmente o tratamento indicado para a obesidade mórbida e a técnica do bypass gástrico em Y de Roux (BGYR) largamente utilizada em todo o mundo, mesmo para pacientes superobesos. No Brasil, o BGYR é a técnica de escolha da maioria dos cirurgiões bariátricos. As deiscências de anastomose ou da linha de grampeamento estão entre as complicações cirúrgicas mais temidas. Relato de Caso: Paciente com fístula da anastomose gastrojejunal após bypass gástrico em Y de Roux comunicando com a ferida operatória, foi tratado com sucesso com tratamento endoscópico conservador. Após o diagnóstico, o paciente foi submetido à endoscopia digestiva alta em ambiente de centro cirúrgico com passagem de sonda nasoenteral. Onze dias após, foi realizada uma segunda endoscopia com dilatação da anastomose gastrojejunal com vela de Savary-Gillard. A fístula fechou em 21 contando da data de seu diagnóstico. Conclusão: A partir desse relato, conclui-se que a abordagem conservadora de fístulas pós-BGYR em pacientes estáveis com auxílio endoscópico para o posicionamento da sonda nasoenteral e dilatação com vela pode reservar bons resultados terapêuticos para a condução dessa complicação e evitar intervenções cirúrgicas mais complexas.

Introduction: Bariatric surgery is currently the indicated treatment for morbid obesity and the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) technique is widely used worldwide, even for super obese patients. In Brazil, RYGB is the most chosen technique of bariatric surgeons. Although, anastomosis or stapling line dehiscences are one of the most feared surgical complications. Case Report: A patient with gastrojejunal anastomosis fistula after Rouxen-Y gastric bypass communicating with the surgical wound was successfully treated with conservative endoscopic treatment. After diagnosis, the patient underwent upper digestive endoscopy in operating room with introduction of a nasoenteral tube. Eleven days later, a second endoscopy was performed with dilation of the gastrojejunal anastomosis with a Savary-Gilliard bougie. The fistula closed at the day 21 counting from the date of his diagnosis. Conclusion: From this report, it's concluded that the conservative approach of post-RYGB fistulas in stable patients with endoscopic aid for positioning the nasoenteral tube and dilation with a bougie can reserve good therapeutic results for the management of this complication and avoid more surgical interventions complex.

Safety and learning curve of Da Vinci robotic single-anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy in the treatment of obesity patients / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the safety and learning curve of Da Vinci robotic single-anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) in the treatment of obesity patients. Methods: A descriptive case series study was performed. Clinical data of obesity patients who were treated with Da Vinci robotic SADI-S in China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University from March 2020 to May 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Case inclusion criteria: (1) uncomplicated obese patients with body mass index (BMI)≥37.5 kg/m(2); (2) patients with BMI of 28 to <37.5 kg/m(2) complicated with type 2 diabetes or two metabolic syndrome components, or obesity comorbidities; (3) patients undergoing SADI-S by Da Vinci robotic surgery system. Those who received other bariatric procedures other than SADI-S or underwent Da Vince robotic SADI-S as revisional operation were excluded. A total of 77 patients were enrolled in the study, including 31 males and 46 females, with median age of 33 (18-59) years, preoperative body weight of (123.0±26.2) kg, BMI of (42.2±7.1) kg/m(2) and waistline of (127.6±16.3) cm. According to the order of operation date, the patients were numbered as 1-77. The textbook outcome (TO) and Clavien-Dindo grading standard were used to analyze the clinical outcome of each patient and to classify surgical complications, respectively. The standard of textbook outcome was as follows: the operative time less than or equal to the 75th percentile of the patient's operation time (210 min); the postoperative hospital stay less than or equal to the 75th percentile of the patient's postoperative hospital stay (7 d); complication grade lower than Clavien grade II; no readmission; no conversion to laparotomy or death. The patient undergoing robotic SADI-S was considered to meet the TO standard when meeting the above 5 criteria. The TO rate was calculated by cumulative sum analysis (CUSUM) method. The curve was drawn by case number as X-axis and CUSUM (TO rate) as Y-axis so as to understand the learning curve of robotic SADI-S. Results: The operative time of 77 robotic SADI-S was (182.9±37.5) minutes, and the length of postoperative hospital stay was 6 (4-55) days. There was no conversion to laparotomy or death. Seven patients suffered from complications (7/77, 9.1%). Four patients had grade II complications (5.2%), including one with duodeno-ileal anastomotic leakage, one with abdominal bleeding, one with peritoneal effusion and one with delayed gastric emptying; two patients were grade IIIb complications (2.6%) and both of them were diagnosed with gastric leakage; one patient was grade IV complication diagnosed with postoperative respiratory failure (1.3%), and all of them were cured successfully. A total of 51 patients met the textbook outcome standard, and the TO rate was positive and was steadily increasing after the number of surgical cases accumulated to the 46th case. Taking the 46th case as the boundary, all the patients were divided into learning stage group (n=46) and mastery stage group (n=31). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, ASA classification, standard liver volume, operative time and morbidity of postoperative complication (all P>0.05). The percent of abdominal drainage tube in learning stage group was higher than that in mastery stage group (54.3% versus 16.1%, P<0.05). The length of postoperative hospital stay in learning stage group was longer than that in mastery stage group [6 (4-22) d versus 6 (5-55) d, P<0.05)]. Conclusion: The Da Vinci robotic SADI-S is safe and feasible with a learning curve of 46 cases.

Comparison of postoperative mid-term and long-term quality of life between Billroth-I gastroduodenostomy and Billroth-II gastrojejunostomy after radical distal gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer: a cohort study based on a case registry database / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: The pattern of digestive tract reconstruction in radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer is still inconclusive. This study aims to compare mid-term and long-term quality of life after radical gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer between Billroth-I (B-I) and Billroth-II (B-II) reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted.Clinicopathological and follow-up data of 859 gastric cancer patients were colected cellected from the surgical case registry database of Gastrointestinal Surgery Center of Sichuan University West China Hospital, who underwent radical distal gastric cancer resection between January 2016 and December 2020. Inclusion criteria: (1) gastric cancer confirmed by preoperative gastroscopy and biopsy; (2) elective radical distal major gastrectomy performed according to the Japanese Society for Gastric Cancer treatment guidelines for gastric cancer; (3) TNM staging referenced to the American Cancer Society 8th edition criteria and exclusion of patients with stage IV by postoperative pathology; (4) combined organ resection only involving the gallbladder or appendix; (5) gastrointestinal tract reconstruction modality of B-I or B-II; (6) complete clinicopathological data; (7) survivor during the last follow-up period from December 15, 2021 to January 15, 2022. Exclusion criteria: (1) poor compliance to follow-up; (2) incomplete information on questionnaire evaluation; (3) survivors with tumors; (4) concurrent malignancies in other systems; (5) concurrent psychiatric and neurological disorders that seriously affected the objectivity of the questionnaire or interfered with patient's cognition. Telephone follow-up was conducted by a single investigator from December 2021 to January 2022, and the standardized questionnaire EORTC QLQ-C30 scale (symptom domains, functional domains and general health status) and EORTC QLQ-STO22 scale (5 symptoms of dysphagia, pain, reflux, restricted eating, anxiety; 4 single items of dry mouth, taste, body image, hair loss) were applied to evaluate postoperative quality of life. In 859 patients, 271 were females and 588 were males; the median age was 57.0 (49.5, 66.0) years. The included cases were divided into the postoperative follow-up first year group (202 cases), the second year group (236 cases), the third year group (148 cases), the fourth year group (129 cases) and the fifth year group (144 cases) according to the number of years of postoperative follow-up. Each group was then divided into B-I reconstruction group and B-II reconstruction group according to procedure of digestive tract reconstruction. Except for T-stage in the fourth year group, and age, tumor T-stage and tumor TNM-stage in the fifth year group, whose differences were statistically significant between the B-I and B-II reconstruction groups (all P<0.05), the differences between the B-I and B-II reconstruction groups in terms of demographics, body mass index (BMI), tumor TNM-stage and tumor pathological grading in postoperative follow-up each year group were not statistically significant (all P>0.05), suggesting that the baseline information between B-I reconstruction group and the B-II reconstruction group in postoperative each year group was comparable. Evaluation indicators of quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-STO22 scales) and nutrition-related laboratory tests (serum hemoglobin, albumin, total protein, triglycerides) between the B-I reconstruction group and B-II reconstruction group in each year group were compared. Non-normally distributed continuous variables were presented as median (Q(1),Q(3)), and compared by using the Wilcoxon rank sum test (paired=False). The χ(2) test or Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical variables between groups. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in all indexes EORTC QLQ-30 scale between the B-I reconstruction group and the B-II reconstruction group among all postoperative follow-up year groups (all P>0.05). The EORTC QLQ-STO22 scale showed that significant differences in pain and eating scores between the B-I reconstruction group and the B-II reconstruction group were found in the second year group, and significant differences in eating, body and hair loss scores between the B-I reconstruction group and the B-II reconstruction group were found in the third year group (all P<0.05), while no significant differences of other item scores between the B-I reconstruction group and the B-II reconstruction group were found in postoperative follow-up of all year groups (P>0.05). Triglyceride level was higher in the B-II reconstruction group than that in the B-I reconstruction group (W=2 060.5, P=0.038), and the proportion of patients with hyperlipidemia (triglycerides >1.85 mmol/L) was also higher in the B-II reconstruction group (19/168, 11.3%) than that in the B-I reconstruction group (0/34) (χ(2)=0.047, P=0.030) in the first year group with significant difference. Albumin level was lower in the B-II reconstruction group than that in the B-I reconstruction group (W=482.5, P=0.036), and the proportion of patients with hypoproteinemia (albumin <40 g/L) was also higher in the B-II reconstruction group (19/125, 15.2%) than that in the B-I reconstruction group (0/19) in the fifth year group, but the difference was not statistically significant (χ(2)=0.341, P=0.164). Other nutrition-related clinical laboratory tests were not statistically different between the B-I reconstruction and the B-II reconstruction in each year group (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The effects of both B-I and B-II reconstruction methods on postoperative mid-term and long-term quality of life are comparable. The choice of reconstruction method after radical resection of distal gastric cancer can be based on a combination of patients' condition, sugenos' eoperience and operational convenience.

The current status and future perspectives of bariatric and metabolic surgery in the management of obesity and its co-morbidities / 中华外科杂志

Bariatric-metabolic surgery (BMS) has the potential of decreasing body weight and improving obesity-related metabolic syndrome by restricting food intake and malabsorption. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, adjustable gastric banding, biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch are four major BMS procedures. Sleeve plus surgery, one-anastomosis gastric bypass, intragastric balloon and endoscopic surgery are also arising and gaining popularity due to their specific efficacy. Currently, BMS is now experiencing an era with deeply integrated interdisciplinarity, optimizing and innovating of surgeries and well-illustrated clinical efficacy, as a result, more obese patients would benefit from BMS.

Intususcepción yeyunogástrica retrógrada en un paciente con historia de gastroyeyunostomía hace 20 años: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Retrograde jejunogastric intussusception in a patient with underlying history of gastrojejunostomy 20 years ago: Case report and literature review

Resumen La intususcepción yeyunogástrica es una complicación rara, pero potencialmente fatal de acuerdo con el momento de su diagnóstico e intervención. Debido a su baja incidencia, se requiere de una alta sospecha diagnóstica, basada en la clínica y los antecedentes quirúrgicos. En el presente reporte se expone el caso de un paciente de 74 años, con historia de gastroyeyunostomía y cerclaje duodenal realizados como parte del manejo de úlcera duodenal 20 años atrás. Se presentó por urgencias luego de 7 días de inicio de los síntomas caracterizados por dolor, intolerancia a la vía oral y hematemesis. Su diagnóstico se realizó mediante endoscopia de vías digestivas altas y su manejo definitivo, mediante gastrectomía subtotal y reconstrucción en Y de Roux transmesocólica por laparotomía.

Abstract Retrograde jejunogastric intussusception is a rare but potentially fatal complication, according to the time of diagnosis and intervention. Due to its low incidence, a high diagnostic suspicion is required, based on the clinical and surgical history. This study presents the case of a patient of 74 years old with a history of gastrojejunostomy and duodenal cerclage performed as part of duodenal ulcer treatment 20 years ago. The patient was admitted to the emergency unit, after 7 days of having symptoms such as pain, intolerance to oral intake, and hematemesis. Diagnosis was performed by upper digestive tract endoscopy and the final treatment by subtotal gastrectomy and transmesocolic Roux-en-Y reconstruction by laparotomy.

Perforated duodenal ulcer after laparoscopic roux-y gastric bypass. Case report / Perforación duodenal posterior a bypass gástrico con reconstrucción en Y de Roux. Reporte de caso

SUMMARY Introduction: Gastric bypass is one of the strategies that have shown better results in the management of obesity, since this technique is the one that strikes a better balance between risk, side effects and long-term results. It consists in the creation of a gastric reservoir that anastomosis to the jejunum, reducing the size of the gastric chamber and thus the patient tolerates less food and decreasing its intake. One of the less frequent late complications is duodenal perforation. For this reason, we present this case report, according to the CARE guideline. Case presentation: 47-year-old male patient with a history of gastric bypass due to obesity, who consults for sudden onset of abdominal pain. Physical examination showed signs of peritoneal irritation and systemic inflammatory response. Exploratory laparoscopy was performed with suspected hollow viscus perforation, which evidenced a 1 cm ulcer on the anterior aspect of the duodenal bulb, requiring omentoplasty by laparotomy. Conclusions: Perforated duodenal ulcer in patients with a history of gastric bypass is a rare diagnosis. It has a non-specific clinical presentation, which is why exploratory laparoscopy is considered a valid diagnostic and therapeutic strategy.

RESUMEN Introducción: una de las estrategias que han demostrado resultados superiores para el manejo de la obesidad es el bypass gástrico, ya que esta técnica es la que reúne un major equilibrio entre el riesgo, efectos secundarios y los resultados a largo plazo. Consiste en la creación de un reservorio gástrico que se anastomosa al yeyuno, reduciendo el tamaño de la cámara gástrica y haciendo que el paciente tolere menos los alimentos, para que se disminuya la ingesta de estos. Dentro de las complicaciones tardías menos frecuentes se encuentra la perforación duodenal, motivo por el cual se presenta este reporte de caso de acuerdo con la guía CARE. Presentación del caso: hombre de 47 años y antecedente de bypass gástrico por obesidad, que consulta por dolor abdominal de inicio súbito. A la valoración con examen físico con hallazgos de irritación peritoneal y signos de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica. Es llevado a laparoscopia exploratoria con sospecha de perforación de la víscera hueca. Se evidenció una úlcera en la cara anterior del bulbo duodenal de 1 cm que requirió de epiploplastia por laparotomía. Conclusiones: la úlcera duodenal perforada en pacientes con antecedente de bypass gástrico es un diagnóstico poco frecuente con presentación clínica inespecífica, por esto se considera la laparoscopia exploratoria como una estrategia diagnóstica y terapéutica válida.

Changes in serum albumin and liver enzymes following three different types of bariatric surgery: six-month follow-up. A retrospective cohort study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Few reports have examined the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on changes to serum albumin (Alb) and liver enzyme levels. OBJECTIVE: To compare short-term post-surgery changes in serum Alb, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) levels. Body composition changes were also measured and compared among three groups. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cohort study conducted in Tehran, Iran. METHODS: 151 OAGB, RYGB and SG patients referred to the obesity clinic of Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were evaluated. Physical characteristics and biochemical parameters were measured pre-surgery and then after three and six months. RESULTS: Through repeated measurements to determine intragroup changes, significant changes in serum AST (P = 0.003) and ALT (P < 0.001) were observed in follow-ups. However, Alb levels did not change (P = 0.413). Body fat, fat-free mass and muscle mass decreased significantly in each group (P < 0.05). In a univariate general linear model for determining intergroup changes, SG showed greater decreases in ALT and AST at three and six months (P < 0.05) and in ALKP at six months (P = 0.037), compared with OAGB. There were no significant differences in Alb levels. Also, RYGB had a greater effect on reducing fat percentage (three months, P = 0.011; six months, P = 0.059) and fat mass (three months, P = 0.042) than OAGB. CONCLUSION: SG and RYGB may be superior to OAGB in reducing liver enzymes and body fat, respectively. However, Alb levels showed no significant differences.